Task Two
Aperture – The aperture of a photographic lens is combined with different variations of the shutter speed to adjust and control the films exposure to light. The part of the camera named the diaphragm, it functions much in the same was as the eyes iris does, the smaller the aperture the greater the distance beyond the focus point can be while still being in focus. Aperture is generally measured in F-number; the ratio of focal length to effective aperture diameter. Below is a picture of a very low aperture, F1.4.
The picture below is clearly a picture taken with a high aperture, the exact aperture is F8.
Shutter speed – Shutter speed has a huge impact on the appearance of moving objects shutter speeds can vary all the way from 1/4000 of a second which would make the picture have literally no blur or different light affects but with a much slower shutter speed such as 30 seconds and with a low aperture you would get a picture like the one below with large amounts of light streaks. For pictures that use slow shutter speeds you need to use a tripod to keep the camera steady so that the photograph is not ruined.
Focus point – As you can see in the picture below the emphasis is on the words ‘Depth of Field’, these words are the focus point of the picture, using a shallow depth of field so that the focus is sharp and the rest of the image gets gradually less sharp the further away from the focal point and a wide aperture the photographer is able show the viewer exactly what the focus point is.
The picture to the left is a perfect example of how focal length can impact on a photograph. The focal length is the distance from the camera lens to the focus. As you can see in the top photograph the distance is 18mm this gives the illusion that objects closer to the camera are larger than they actually are and that objects at a further distance appear to be a lot smaller. You can tell from the bottom picture that a greater distance, 55mm, objects further from the camera appear larger than those pictures of a smaller focal length.
ISO- An ISO Image is an archive file (also known as a disc image) of an optical disc in a format defined by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). This format is supported by many software vendors. ISO image files typically have a file extension of .iso. The name ISO is taken from the ISO 9660 file system used with CD-ROM media, but an ISO image can also contain a UDF file system since UDF is backward-compatible with ISO 9660.
Digital manipulation-
The picture to the left is an example of a photo being digitally manipulated with the help of photoshop. This is my own picture, I used the crop tool to make the image of the woman fit smoothly into the moon, I lowered the opacity of the woman so that it looked smoother and integrated with the moon rather than just sitting on top of the moon and looking out of place. this is just one of example of digital manipulation, digital manipulation, also known as photo manipulation can do a wide variety of things to photographs, from removing a celebrity’s acne to changing the colour of a flower. Photoshop is widely considered the most valuable and useful tool for digital manipulation. With a click of a button you can change the colour of someones eyes or make the image more smooth. Photo manipulation is the application of image editing techniques to photographs in order to create an illusion or deception through digital means.
Tripod- A tripod is a piece of equipment used by photographers to keep camera’s steady and in place. Below is a picture of tripod without a camera attached, 
the camera would sit on top of the tripod,
